LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF AN NMC BATTERY FOR APPLICATION TO ELECTRIC LIGHT-DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND COMPARISON WITH A SODIUM-NICKEL-CHLORIDE BATTERY

Life Cycle Assessment of an NMC Battery for Application to Electric Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles and Comparison with a Sodium-Nickel-Chloride Battery

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This paper presents the results of an environmental assessment of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion traction battery for Battery Electric Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles (BEV-LDCV) used for urban and regional freight haulage.A cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of NMC111 is provided, operation and end-of-life stages are included, a

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